courtesy of Pay4Pain.

Useful command, tip to get started with your seedbox or Linux in general for administrate the box for console.

**NOTE

**
- Intend for users which is new to Linux. This hopefully makes the transit a little easier.
- I splitted the commands in section and added several words in the headlines to match different users searchpattern.
- Only for usages in the console, like remoting your seedbox.
- Be careful using rm -r! Check twice and try on a another computer in the beginning if you’re unsure.
- I tried to be as clear as possible. If it’s still not clear, feel free to contact me.
- If a command is misspelled - please contact me asap! It should though.

**USEFUL TIP

**
- Don’t make folders as root/with sudo unless you have to.
- Linux is casesensitive which means search on xvid won’t give you anything unless you don’t specify it to be non-casesensitve
- If you need support, don’t copy, paste the errormessages / output on IRC. Use Pastebin to make everyone happy. www.pastebin.ca for example.
- Try to avoid spaces and (, ) in names. Other way backslash is necessary.
- Learn to love tab-completion!
- If the command is unknown, check if the packages is installed.
- If you’re planning to run Linux and have an old computer, install for example Ubuntu server and try these commands. Get used to it cause it is different compare to Windows.

**EXAMPLE FOR APPLICATION / PACKAGES

**
application, packages
exp: Explanation what  the application, packages is and what it does
cmd: Example command how you see the helpfile and the manual.
Additional information (not on everyone).

**RECOMMENDED APPLICATIONS / PACKAGES

**
Instructions for the packages in this section will be skipped, but I might add them later.

lftp
EXP: FTP-client in the console. I can give commands later.
CMD: lftp –help or… man lftp

nano
EXP: Easy and basic texteditor and not as advanced as vim.
CMD: nano –help or man nano

rsync
EXP: A very useful tool for backup, transfer etc. Secure and encrypted over SSH2.
CMD: rsync -help or man rsync
NOTE: This is tricky to get the right options. I might add my command later.

rssdler
EXP: Feeder which works as a treat together with rtorrent.
NOTE: Check the official homepage or my tutorial for RSSdler (on the forum).

rtorrent
EXP: A torrentclient using ncurse (terminal, but there are thirdpart-addons for GUI and/or webinterface).
CMD: rtorrent –help or man rtorrent
Check tutorial for install, then my tutorial for configuration.

screen
EXP: Runs a console in the background, kill X and it’s still alive.
CMD: screen –help or man screen
Check the rtorrent tutorial. Screen is included there.

vftpd
EXP: Textbased FTP-server in the console
NOTE: There will be no instructions for this. Configuration is only textbased writing an own configurationfiles.

BASIC / GENERAL / USEFUL COMMANDS
&&
Using several commands in a row if the command before works.
clear && free -m
NOTE I think you can use ; to run the command even if the command before fails.

|grep
This can filter almost anything if adding after a command.
ls|grep ScT

cd
Enter a folder.
cd sct01/

cd ..
Going back one step.

cd /
Stepping back all the way to the very first folder.

cd ~
Shortcut to homefolder.

free -m
Showing the amount of ram - note that Linux caches alot of ram.

halt -p
Shut down the computer.
There are other method, this is just one. Need root.

reboot
Restarts the computer. Need root.

ssh
Remote a computer.
ssh user@ip -p port
For example: ssh pay4pain@192.168.0.101 -p 22
Default port is 22, but if it’s change then use -p

su
Switch user, if you’re just typing su, you switch to root.
su sct

top
Taskmanager, you can use it with |grep
top|grep rtorrent

traceroute IP-adress
Showing the path to an IP-adress. Can use IP or like myshortcut.com
traceroute 192.168.0.1 or traceroute noip.com

uptime
Show your uptime, if it say like five users, then type w (I think).

BROWSING / ADMINISTRATE FOLDERS
cp
Copy a single file or several. One in this example.
cp sct01.txt /home/your_user/backup
This is when you’re in the folder which contains sct01.txt.

cp -r
Copy one folder or several. One in this example.
cp sct01/ /home/your_user/backup
This is when you’re in the folder which contains sct01.

cp -rv
Copy a folder or several and shows the output (like a confirmation it’s copied).
cp -rv sct01/ /home/your_user/backup
This is when you’re in the folder which contains sct01.

cp -rvu
Copy a folder or several, show the output and update.
cp -rvu sct* /home/your_user/backup
The folder you’re in have sct01, sct02, sct03 and in /home/your_user/backup you only have sct01 so if you use the command above sct01 won’t be copied, just sct02 and sct03.

df -h
Show you the amount of free space on harddrives.
You can use -b, -k, -m and -g too. -h means “most suitable”.

du -h
Shows how big a folder is. Add a path for a certain folder or none to get the one you’re in.

ls
Showing the content of the folder you’re in.
EDIT02: Remeber dir in DOS? This is the same thing. EDIT02-end

ls -1
Showing the content of the folder you’re in, but just one folder or file/line.

ls -la
Showing hidden files and folders and who owns a/the files or folders.

mkdir
Create a folder in the foler you’re in.
mkdir sct01

mv
Moving files
mv sct01.txt /home/your_user/backup

mv
Renaming files or folders
mv sct sct.new.name

mv -r
Moving folders with content. Can be used to moves folders and files at the same time.
mv -r sct01/ /home/your_user/backup

rmdir
Remove an emtpy folder in the folder you’re in.
rmdir sct01/

rm -r
Remove a folder with subfolders and/or content
rm -r sct01

rm -rv
Remove a folder with content and showing the output / confirmation it’s removed.
rm -rv sct01

HARDWARE DIAGNOSE / ERROR CONNECTED UNITS MOUNTING UNITS
dmesg
Hardwareinformation.
May provide you with alot of information. Using |grep here is very useful.

hddtemp
Shows temp on harddrive if supported.
hddtemp /dev/hdx or hddtemp /dev/sdx
Don’t forget to change to the harddrive you want to check.

hdparm
This show you information about the harddrive/DVD-drive
hdparm -I /dev/hdx or hdparm -I /dev/sdx
NOTE: hdx/sdx should be replaced by the actual name of the unit.

lshw
Hardwareinformation.
May provide you with alot of information. Using |grep here is very useful.

lsusb
Showing whats connected to your USB-ports.

lsb_release -a
Showing the version of Linux you’re using.

mbmon
mbmon
If supported, it shows the temprature of the CPU.
NOTE: Need root if you don’t change the rights.

mount
Mounting a EXT-filesystem on Linux
mount -t ext3 /dev/hdx /mnt/hdx or mount -t ext3 /dev/sdx /mnt/sdx
Don’t forget to change to the right harddrive.

umount
Unmounting a harddrive. And yes, it’s umount.
umount /mnt/hdx or umount /mnt/sdx
Don’t forget to change to the right harddrive.

uname -r
Showing the loaded kernel.

ADMINISTRATE ACCOUNT / USERS
adduser
Add a user
adduser new_user

deluser
Remove a user
deluser new_user

passwd
Change password on a user
passwd new_user

AND I’M AWARE I SKIPPED…
Changing ownership of files and folders. - My method using -R (or if it was -r) isn’t recommened, therefore I skipped it.